ʻO nā kāhiko makana i haku ʻia me ka porcelain keʻokeʻo a me ka LED.
Loaʻa i ka porcelain keʻokeʻo nā hiʻohiʻona o ke keʻokeʻo maikaʻi, kiʻekiʻe gloss, ikaika thermal kūpaʻa, wela kū'ē, puʻe kū'ē kū'ē, aahu a me ka corrosion kū'ē, a me ka kino a me ka kemikala o ka maemae a me ka mahana glaze kala, kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe a me ka maikai transmittance malamalama. He liʻiliʻi loa nā haumia, no laila, ʻoi aku ka maʻemaʻe o ka waihoʻoluʻu glaze, ʻulaʻula, e like me ka coagulation, ʻelepani, loaʻa ka silica a me ka potassium, nui ka sodium, no laila ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ke aniani ma hope o ke puhi ʻana, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka māmā a me ka transmittance māmā. Hoʻohui ʻia me nā LED hou, nani ke ʻano, ʻike ʻia ke kiʻi, maikaʻi ka hana ʻana, waiwai i ka nani noʻeau ikaika, a kiʻekiʻe hoʻi ka waiwai o ka huahana.
