Ua hoʻomaka ka kaulana o Dingyao porcelain keʻokeʻo i ka Northern Song Dynasty, a ua hoʻomaka ke kī ʻana o Dingyao porcelain keʻokeʻo i ka mōʻī Tang. Aia ke kahua o Dingyao Kiln ma Quyangjian Magnetic Village, Hebei. ʻO ka Dingyao keʻokeʻo porcelain o ka moʻokūʻauhau Tang he mauʻano like me ka Xingyao keʻokeʻo porcelain, aʻo nāʻano he mau kīʻaha, nā papa, nā pā, nā ipu hoʻopiha, nā kīʻaha, nā kapuahi wāwaeʻekolu a me nā mea pāʻani. Ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā hana o ka wā ʻelima mau mōʻī, he mau lehelehe mānoanoa nā kihi o nā moku, nā poʻohiwi piha, nā lalo paʻa, a me nā ʻaoʻao paʻa e like me ke keke keke, a ʻo kekahi mau lalo jade. ʻO ka hapa nui o ka porcelain keʻokeʻo o Tang dynasty Dingyao e like me ka porcelain keʻokeʻo o Xingyao i kēlā manawa, ʻoi aku ka lahilahi o ka iwi fetal, keʻokeʻo ke kala o ka fetal, a aia kekahi ʻano iwi fetal ʻoi aku ka mānoanoa, ʻano mānoanoa ka ʻāpana, akā ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka sintering.
I ka wā Neolithic, ua hōʻike ka ipu lepo keʻokeʻo i ka moʻomeheu Dawenkou, ka Shang Dynasty's Erligang a me Yin i ka ʻimi ʻana i nā mea keʻokeʻo e nā mea hana i kēlā manawa.
Ke hoʻomau nei ka hana ʻana o ka celadon wela kiʻekiʻe i ke kahawai ʻo Yangtze (ʻo ia hoʻi ʻo Yuedi, Zhejiang) i ke kenekulia 3, ʻo ka ʻākau, nona kahi kumu maoli keʻokeʻo, ua hoʻāʻo hoʻi e puhi i ka porcelain me kahi aniani.
I ka pau ʻana o ke kenekulia 6, ua hana ʻo Northern Qi (550-577) i nā mea aniani keʻokeʻo, akā mai ka nānā ʻana i ka lāʻau lapaʻau glaze, hiki ke kapa ʻia kēlā mau mea aniani keʻokeʻo he ipu aniani haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, a i ʻole nā mea hoʻokalakupua haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa o ka pālolo keʻokeʻo semi-porcelain kiʻekiʻe; Eia nō naʻe, ua ʻike mua ʻia ka hoʻāʻo ʻana o nā potera o ka Northern Dynasty e ʻimi i ke ʻano o nā seramika keʻokeʻo.
ʻO Sui (581-618) a me Tang (618-907) ka manawa o ka hoʻomohala piha ʻana i ka ʻoihana porcelain ʻĀkau, a ʻo ka Xing kiln, kaulana no ka hana ʻana i ka porcelain keʻokeʻo maikaʻi, ʻo ia ka ʻelele o ka ʻoihana kiln ʻākau, e kū ʻaoʻao ana me ka ʻaoʻao hema o Yue kiln, e hana ana i ke ʻano porcelain o ka hema Qingbei Bai. Nui nā kiln ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻākau o ka mōʻī Tang i hoʻohuli ʻia e nā kiln Xing, no laila ua like loa lākou i ke ʻano, ka ʻāʻī, ka hoʻonani a me ke kaʻina puhi ahi, a ʻaʻole ʻokoʻa ka Ding kiln. I ka wā kahiko o Tang Dynasty, aia nā ʻano ʻelua o ka porcelain keʻokeʻo ʻākau: keʻokeʻo-tire-glazed porcelain a me ka make-up porcelain keʻokeʻo me ka pālolo make-up, a ʻo ka kiln ka ʻelele o ka porcelain keʻokeʻo-tire-glazed. I ka wā o ka moʻokūʻauhau o Tang, ua mālama ʻo Dingzhou i kahi kūlana politika paʻa, a ʻo Lingshan lepo ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka porcelain kaolin, a kokoke hoʻi i waiwai nui i ka feldspar, quartz, dolomite a me nā mea maka aniani ʻē aʻe, ʻo ka wahi hana nui loa ma ka ʻākau o Jianci Village Jianciling kahiko lanahu maikaʻi, no laila, me nā kūlana kiʻekiʻe o ka porcelain natural geographical a me nā kūlana kahiko o ka honua. ʻO ka mōʻī Tang dynasty exquisite tomb porcelain specimens, hiki ke hōʻike i ke oʻo ʻana o ka ʻenehana Dingyao a me ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka hiki ke hana, no laila ua ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka porcelain keʻokeʻo Dingyao i ke kūlana o Xingyao.
I ka hapa lua o ke kenekulia 10 i ka mua o ka Northern Song Dynasty, he mau ʻili hoʻonaninani ka ʻili o ka porsela keʻokeʻo o ka Dingyao, akā ʻo ka hapa nui o lākou he mau laina laina i kālai ʻia me nā pahi pololei; Ua kālai pinepine ʻia ka pā o waho me nā ʻāpana he nui o nā petals lotus, i hoʻohana ʻia i ka bas-relief e hōʻike ai ua hoʻohana ʻia kēlā me kēia petal lotus e like me ka iwi ʻaoʻao waena; ʻOhi ʻia, ʻaʻole i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ma ka hope, piha ka ʻaoʻao o ka waha i ka aniani, akā he mea maʻamau nō hoʻi ke ʻoki ʻana i kahi pōʻai aniani ma ka waha ma mua o ke puhi ʻana i ke ahi, a i ʻole e wehe i kahi ʻaoʻao lahilahi a puni ka waha ma hope o ke kī ʻana. Ua hana ʻia ka porcelain keʻokeʻo o kēia wā e hoʻohālike i ka kiln Yaozhou a me ka kiln Yue.
I ka wā o ka Northern Song Dynasty, mai ka makahiki 20 a hiki i ka 50s o ke kenekulia 11, ua lilo ka ʻenehana o Dingyao porcelain production i kahi huli nui. Ua hoʻololi ʻia ka pahi pololei mua i kālai ʻia i ka laina laina lōʻihi; Hoʻemi ʻia nā petals lotus embossed. Hōʻike ʻia ke ʻano paʻi o ka mold i loko, a ua pau kēia manawa; ʻAʻole i hoʻomohala piha ʻia ka ʻenehana overfiring a hiki i ka 50s o ke kenekulia 11. Ua hoʻopau ʻia ke ʻano kiln i kēia wā.
Mai ka hopena o ke kenekulia 11 a hiki i ke kenekulia 12, ʻo ka wā pōmaikaʻi loa o ka Northern Song Dynasty, nā hale kupapaʻu Shi e like me nā hale kupapaʻu ʻohana Han Qi a me nā hale kupapaʻu ʻohana Lü Dalin i ʻike i nā hana kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe ʻo Ding kiln a me nā ʻāpana, ʻoi aku ka maʻemaʻe a me ka moist bean porcelain, ka waha nui a me nā hiʻohiʻona ʻē aʻe.
Mai ka 20s a hiki i ka 50s o ke kenekulia 12, i kēia manawa, no ka Jin Dynasty ka kiln (1115-1234), a ua holomua ka ʻoihana kiln, a ua hōʻea ka maikaʻi a me ka nui i kona piko. He nui loa ka nui o ka porcelain keʻokeʻo i ʻeli ʻia ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻākau o ka Jin Dynasty. Aia ka "Golden History": "Hana ʻo Zhending Fu i ka porcelain. â
I ka wā Neolithic, ua hōʻike ka ipu lepo keʻokeʻo i ka moʻomeheu Dawenkou, ka Shang Dynasty's Erligang a me Yin i ka ʻimi ʻana i nā mea keʻokeʻo e nā mea hana i kēlā manawa.
Ke hoʻomau nei ka hana ʻana o ka celadon wela kiʻekiʻe i ke kahawai ʻo Yangtze (ʻo ia hoʻi ʻo Yuedi, Zhejiang) i ke kenekulia 3, ʻo ka ʻākau, nona kahi kumu maoli keʻokeʻo, ua hoʻāʻo hoʻi e puhi i ka porcelain me kahi aniani.
I ka pau ʻana o ke kenekulia 6, ua hana ʻo Northern Qi (550-577) i nā mea aniani keʻokeʻo, akā mai ka nānā ʻana i ka lāʻau lapaʻau glaze, hiki ke kapa ʻia kēlā mau mea aniani keʻokeʻo he ipu aniani haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, a i ʻole nā mea hoʻokalakupua haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa o ka pālolo keʻokeʻo semi-porcelain kiʻekiʻe; Eia nō naʻe, ua ʻike mua ʻia ka hoʻāʻo ʻana o nā potera o ka Northern Dynasty e ʻimi i ke ʻano o nā seramika keʻokeʻo.
ʻO Sui (581-618) a me Tang (618-907) ka manawa o ka hoʻomohala piha ʻana i ka ʻoihana porcelain ʻĀkau, a ʻo ka Xing kiln, kaulana no ka hana ʻana i ka porcelain keʻokeʻo maikaʻi, ʻo ia ka ʻelele o ka ʻoihana kiln ʻākau, e kū ʻaoʻao ana me ka ʻaoʻao hema o Yue kiln, e hana ana i ke ʻano porcelain o ka hema Qingbei Bai. Nui nā kiln ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻākau o ka mōʻī Tang i hoʻohuli ʻia e nā kiln Xing, no laila ua like loa lākou i ke ʻano, ka ʻāʻī, ka hoʻonani a me ke kaʻina puhi ahi, a ʻaʻole ʻokoʻa ka Ding kiln. I ka wā kahiko o Tang Dynasty, aia nā ʻano ʻelua o ka porcelain keʻokeʻo ʻākau: keʻokeʻo-tire-glazed porcelain a me ka make-up porcelain keʻokeʻo me ka pālolo make-up, a ʻo ka kiln ka ʻelele o ka porcelain keʻokeʻo-tire-glazed. I ka wā o ka moʻokūʻauhau o Tang, ua mālama ʻo Dingzhou i kahi kūlana politika paʻa, a ʻo Lingshan lepo ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka porcelain kaolin, a kokoke hoʻi i waiwai nui i ka feldspar, quartz, dolomite a me nā mea maka aniani ʻē aʻe, ʻo ka wahi hana nui loa ma ka ʻākau o Jianci Village Jianciling kahiko lanahu maikaʻi, no laila, me nā kūlana kiʻekiʻe o ka porcelain natural geographical a me nā kūlana kahiko o ka honua. ʻO ka mōʻī Tang dynasty exquisite tomb porcelain specimens, hiki ke hōʻike i ke oʻo ʻana o ka ʻenehana Dingyao a me ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka hiki ke hana, no laila ua ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka porcelain keʻokeʻo Dingyao i ke kūlana o Xingyao.
I ka hapa lua o ke kenekulia 10 i ka mua o ka Northern Song Dynasty, he mau ʻili hoʻonaninani ka ʻili o ka porsela keʻokeʻo o ka Dingyao, akā ʻo ka hapa nui o lākou he mau laina laina i kālai ʻia me nā pahi pololei; Ua kālai pinepine ʻia ka pā o waho me nā ʻāpana he nui o nā petals lotus, i hoʻohana ʻia i ka bas-relief e hōʻike ai ua hoʻohana ʻia kēlā me kēia petal lotus e like me ka iwi ʻaoʻao waena; ʻOhi ʻia, ʻaʻole i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ma ka hope, piha ka ʻaoʻao o ka waha i ka aniani, akā he mea maʻamau nō hoʻi ke ʻoki ʻana i kahi pōʻai aniani ma ka waha ma mua o ke puhi ʻana i ke ahi, a i ʻole e wehe i kahi ʻaoʻao lahilahi a puni ka waha ma hope o ke kī ʻana. Ua hana ʻia ka porcelain keʻokeʻo o kēia wā e hoʻohālike i ka kiln Yaozhou a me ka kiln Yue.
I ka wā o ka Northern Song Dynasty, mai ka makahiki 20 a hiki i ka 50s o ke kenekulia 11, ua lilo ka ʻenehana o Dingyao porcelain production i kahi huli nui. Ua hoʻololi ʻia ka pahi pololei mua i kālai ʻia i ka laina laina lōʻihi; Hoʻemi ʻia nā petals lotus embossed. Hōʻike ʻia ke ʻano paʻi o ka mold i loko, a ua pau kēia manawa; ʻAʻole i hoʻomohala piha ʻia ka ʻenehana overfiring a hiki i ka 50s o ke kenekulia 11. Ua hoʻopau ʻia ke ʻano kiln i kēia wā.
Mai ka hopena o ke kenekulia 11 a hiki i ke kenekulia 12, ʻo ka wā pōmaikaʻi loa o ka Northern Song Dynasty, nā hale kupapaʻu Shi e like me nā hale kupapaʻu ʻohana Han Qi a me nā hale kupapaʻu ʻohana Lü Dalin i ʻike i nā hana kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe ʻo Ding kiln a me nā ʻāpana, ʻoi aku ka maʻemaʻe a me ka moist bean porcelain, ka waha nui a me nā hiʻohiʻona ʻē aʻe.
Mai ka 20s a hiki i ka 50s o ke kenekulia 12, i kēia manawa, no ka Jin Dynasty ka kiln (1115-1234), a ua holomua ka ʻoihana kiln, a ua hōʻea ka maikaʻi a me ka nui i kona piko. He nui loa ka nui o ka porcelain keʻokeʻo i ʻeli ʻia ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻākau o ka Jin Dynasty. Aia ka "Golden History": "Hana ʻo Zhending Fu i ka porcelain. â
