ʻO ka ipu lepo i pena ʻia e pili ana i ka ipu lepo ʻalani-ʻulaʻula i poni ʻia, i hōʻike ʻia me nā puaʻa mineral maoli, ʻocher a me manganese oxide ma ke ʻano he mau mea waihoʻoluʻu, a laila puhi ʻia i loko o kahi kiln. Ma ke kino ʻalani-ʻulaʻula e hōʻike ana i kahi hiʻohiʻona nani o ka ʻulaʻula ʻulaʻula, ʻeleʻele, keʻokeʻo, a me nā waihoʻoluʻu like ʻole, e hana ana i ka ipu lepo me kahi kiʻekiʻe o ka lokahi ma waena o ke kumu a me ke ʻano o ka ipu, a loaʻa ka hopena hoʻonaninani a nani.
Hana maikaʻi ʻia ka ipu lepo pena, ʻo ka nui o ka ipu lepo, me ke ʻano maʻalahi, no laila ʻaʻole ia he ipu kūpono wale nō, akā he waiwai kiʻekiʻe nō hoʻi. No ka mea, ua pena ʻia ke kala ma mua o ke puhi ʻana, ma hope o ka ʻai ʻana me ka ipu lepo, ua hui pū ʻia ka waihoʻoluʻu a me ka paila lepo a ʻaʻole maʻalahi ke hāʻule. Hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ke ʻano o ka pena pena i ʻelua ʻāpana: nā hiʻohiʻona a me nā kiʻi.
ʻO ka lua, pono e hiki i ka ʻili o ka blank ceramic i kahi hoʻopau, a hiki i ka puaʻa ke komo i loko o ke kaila seramika. Pono kēia i ka nānā pono ʻana a me ka holoi ʻana i ka pālolo, a me ka hoʻoliʻi pinepine ʻana i ka papaʻaina ma hope o ka hana ʻana o ka billet. ʻO ka hapa nui o nā ipu lepo i pena ʻia ma nā ʻike archaeological he ipu lepo, a ʻo ka ipu lepo e like me ka moʻomeheu Xindian he ʻano maʻalahi ka ʻili. ʻO ke kino nui o ka ipu lepo ʻo Dadiwan he ipu lepo maikaʻi, akā ua uhi ʻia ka ʻili o ka mea kūʻai me kahi papa argillaceous laumania;