ʻO ka porcelain keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo, ʻo ia, i ka wā o ka mōʻī Sui, ua oʻo mua ia. I ka moʻokūʻauhau Tang, keʻokeʻo glazed porcelain i loaʻa kahi hoʻomohala hou, a ʻo ke keʻokeʻo o ka porcelain i hiki aku ma mua o 70%, kokoke i ka maʻamau o kēia wā kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe maikaʻi porcelain, kahi i kau i kahi kumu paʻa no ka underglaze a me ka overglaze porcelain.
I ka Song Dynasty, ua hoʻomaikaʻi hou ka poʻe paʻahana porcelain ma ke ʻano o ka maikaʻi o ka paila, glaze a me ka ʻenehana hana hana, a ua hiki i ka ʻenehana puhi porcelain i kahi oʻo piha. He keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo ʻulaʻula a me ke keʻokeʻo i puhi ʻia i kēia manawa, ʻālohilohi hina i ke keʻokeʻo, māmā a nani, a nani ke ʻano. I ka wā o nā mōʻī Ming a me Qing, ua puhi ʻo Dehua i ka "ʻelepani keʻokeʻo" me ka waihoʻoluʻu ʻulaʻula, a ua puhi ʻo Yongle kiln i "keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo momona" me kahi aniani e like me ka jade, ʻo ia nā huahana maikaʻi a pau i ka porcelain keʻokeʻo.
Inā ʻaʻole mālama pono ʻia ka porcelain, e pōʻino loa ia, ʻaʻole ia e kūpono i ka hōʻiliʻili lōʻihi o ka porcelain, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o nā huahana maikaʻi i hāʻawi ʻia a ʻeli ʻia, a pono e mālama pono ʻia. Pono ka mālama ʻana i ka porcelain e hahai i ke kumumanaʻo o ka mālama, mālama, a ma ka manawa like, ʻaʻole pono ka nui o ka mālama ʻana i ka porcelain e pale i ka pōʻino pale. Eia ke ʻano o ka mālama ʻana i ka porcelain.
ʻO ka mea mua, ʻo ka porcelain nā huahana palupalu, i ka mālama ʻana e hoʻolohe i ka haʻalulu, anti-extrusion, anti-collision. I ka mahalo ʻana i ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana, e makaʻala ʻaʻole e kuʻi a hāʻule paha, a e hoʻāʻo ʻaʻole e hou a hoʻopā. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o ka ʻaʻahu ʻana i nā mīkina lima i ka wā e nānā ai i ka hōʻiliʻili, hoʻopili ʻia ka papaʻaina me ka flannel, mai hāʻawi i kekahi i kekahi i ka wā e nānā ai, pono e hoʻonoho ʻia kekahi kanaka ma ka papa ma ka hopena o ka nānā ʻana, a na nā mea ʻē aʻe e paʻa no ka nānā ʻana.
ʻO ka lua, ʻo nā ʻōmole, nā ipu, ʻo Zun a me nā porcelain ʻē aʻe e hoʻopili pinepine ʻia mai lalo a luna, a ʻaʻole hiki ke lawe lima ʻia ka ʻāʻī o luna o ka mea i ka wā e neʻe ai. ʻO ke ala kūpono, ʻo ia ka paʻa ʻana i ka ʻāʻī me kekahi lima a ʻo ka lalo me kekahi lima. Hoʻonani ʻia kekahi mau ʻōmole, ipu, a me nā kiʻi me nā pepeiao ʻelua, a ʻo nā pepeiao wale nō ʻaʻole hiki ke hāpai ʻia i ka wā e lawe ai a waiho ʻia e pale ai i ka haki ʻana a i ʻole ka pōʻino. ʻO nā mea pāpaʻi lahilahi, nā pana liʻiliʻi, māmā ke kaumaha, ʻokiʻoki, ʻoi aku ka makaʻala i ka neʻe ʻana, kau ʻana, e paʻa i lalo me nā lima ʻelua, e pale i ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka lima hoʻokahi, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā ʻōmole, liʻiliʻi ka wāwae lalo, ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi o ke kino, a pono e puhi ʻia e ka makani.
ʻO ke kolu, kūʻai hou i ka glaze kiʻekiʻe a i ʻole underglaze porcelain, pono e hoʻomoʻi mua ʻia i ka wai maʻemaʻe no l mau hola, a laila holoi i ka ʻaila ʻaila ma luna o ka ʻili me ke kopa kīʻaha, hoʻomaloʻo i ka wai me kahi kāwele a laila hoʻokomo i loko o ka pahu, pono e hoʻopiha ʻia ka pahu me ka huʻa, a ʻo ke anawaena ma hope o ka hoʻohui ʻana i ka huʻa ʻaʻole pono e ʻoi aku ma mua o 0.5 cm o ka ohi ʻana, a ʻaʻole pono e ʻoi aku ka nui o ka ohi ʻana i ka pahu. pale i ka poino i ka ohi.
4. Unearthed haʻahaʻa-mehana glaze a me ka glaze kala. E komo ka nui o nā ʻōpala i loko o ka glaze, a ʻo ke ʻano o ka deglazing a me ka nalowale o ka waihoʻoluʻu, pono e hoʻohui ʻia kahi mea hoʻopili liʻiliʻi ma waena o ka glaze, a laila pono e hoʻopili ʻia kahi mea hoʻopili palupalu i ke kala e pale ai i ka hāʻule ʻana o ka glaze ma kahi ākea. Inā kanu ʻia ma lalo o ka lepo no ka manawa lōʻihi i loko o ke aniani kiʻekiʻe a i ʻole ka waihoʻoluʻu underglaze, nui ka calcium a me nā pūhui siliceous i hana ʻia ma luna o ka ʻili o ka porcelain, ʻo ia hoʻi, ka ʻōpala. Hiki ke hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia me ka wai maʻemaʻe, hoʻomoʻi ʻia i ka 3% hydrogen peroxide no kahi o 3 mau hola, a laila hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia i ka wai no nā hola ʻoi aku ma mua o 30, a hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia me kahi lole keʻokeʻo maʻemaʻe, hiki ke wehe i ka ʻōpala. Inā ʻaʻole i pau, hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻohana i ka pulupulu no ka hoʻopili ʻana i ka acetic acid, palaki i ka ʻōpala, a ma hope o 5 mau hola, e hoʻohana i ka scalpel lāʻau lapaʻau e wehe i ka ʻōpala, a hiki ke ʻoki ʻia ka ʻili i hoʻokahi ʻaoʻao. Ma hope o ka wehe ʻia ʻana o ka hapa nui o ka ʻōpala, holoi ʻia me kahi lole hoʻomaʻemaʻe keʻokeʻo a me ka toothpaste a hiki i ka pau ʻana o ka ʻōpala, kūpono wale kēia ʻano no ka glaze kiʻekiʻe a me ke kala underglaze.
5. I ka holoi ʻana i nā ʻaila hinu a me nā mea ʻino ʻē aʻe, pono e hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻia nā mākau a me nā ʻano hana:
1 Hiki ke hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia nā stains maʻamau me ka wai alkaline, hiki ke hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia me ke kopa, ka pauka holoi, a laila holoi ʻia me ka wai maʻemaʻe.
2. E holoi i ka porcelain huila lahilahi i ka hooilo, a e hoomalu i ka wela o ka wai e pale aku i ka hoololi ana o ka wai wela a me ka wai anu mai ka poha ana.
3 waihoʻoluʻu porcelain, kekahi ma muli o ke kala o nā ʻāpana kepau, ke ʻano o ke kēpau, hiki ke hoʻohana mua ʻia me ka pulupulu swab i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i ka scrub winika keʻokeʻo, a laila holoi ʻia me ka wai.
4 Inā loaʻa nā ʻāpana hāmama a i ʻole nā māwae kuʻi i ka porcelain, maʻalahi ke "hu" i ka lepo i loko, hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻohana i kahi pulupulu niho i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i loko o kekahi wai ʻakika e palaki ai. Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia kēia ʻano hana no nā mea glaze, no ka mea, maʻalahi nā waikawa a me nā mea alkaline e hōʻino i ka glaze. Inā he porcelain i pena ʻia i ke gula, mai hoʻohana i ka pulupulu hulu no ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana, no ka mea, hiki i ka pulupulu hulu ke hoʻopōʻino i ke ʻano gula ma ka porcelain. Pono e mālama ʻia ka porcelain maikaʻi me nā pahu lāʻau a i ʻole nā pahu i like ka nui a me nā galls i mea e mālama ai i ka hōʻiliʻili.
