ʻO ka porcelain keʻokeʻo nani o nā seramika Pākē

He moʻolelo lōʻihi ko Kina porcelain a he ʻano ākea. Ma waho aʻe o ka porcelain nani a me ka nani a me ke keʻokeʻo a me ka porcelain kala, ʻo ka porcelain keʻokeʻo maʻemaʻe a nani hoʻi he ʻano kaulana. ʻOiai ʻaʻole ʻike ʻia ka porcelain keʻokeʻo i nā hiʻohiʻona waihoʻoluʻu a me nā waihoʻoluʻu ʻālohilohi, i kona maʻalahi, hōʻike ia i ka poʻe i ka nani maoli.



I ka manaʻo o kēia wā, ʻo ka porcelain keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo maʻamau e pili ana i ka porcelain keʻokeʻo maʻemaʻe me ke kino keʻokeʻo a me ka aniani aniani ma ka ʻili. Wahi a ka hoʻokolokolo, ua hana ʻia a puhi ʻia ka porcelain keʻokeʻo ma mua o ka Eastern Han Dynasty. Ma ka moʻokūʻauhau Sui, ua ʻoi aku ka makua a me ka maʻamau ka porcelain keʻokeʻo. I ka manawa o ka hoʻomohala hou ʻana o ka hana porcelain keʻokeʻo i ka mōʻī Tang, ua hana ka Xing kiln i kēia manawa i ka nui o ka porcelain keʻokeʻo transitional. I ka Northern Song Dynasty, ua kaulana loa ka porcelain keʻokeʻo i hana ʻia i kēia wā. I ka wā kahiko o ka Northern Song Dynasty, aia kahi waha kiln kaulana no ka hana ʻana i ka porcelain keʻokeʻo - Ding Kiln. ʻO ka porcelain keʻokeʻo o ka Yuan Dynasty he cyan. ʻOiai ua emi mai kona keʻokeʻo, he nani loa. I ka wā o ka Ming Dynasty, ua hoʻihoʻi hou ka keʻokeʻo o ka porcelain keʻokeʻo a ua hoʻomaikaʻi ʻia, a ʻo ke aniani keʻokeʻo momona i ka wā Yongle o ka Ming Dynasty ua waiho i kahi hōʻailona koʻikoʻi i ka mōʻaukala o ka porcelain keʻokeʻo. A laila, ma muli o ka laha ʻana o ka waihoʻoluʻu, ua emi mālie ka hana ʻana o ka porcelain keʻokeʻo maʻemaʻe. ʻO kekahi mau wahi kiln wale nō ka mea kaulana i ka porcelain keʻokeʻo maʻemaʻe, e like me ka porcelain "Keʻokeʻo Kina" i hana ʻia e Dehua.



Ma ʻaneʻi, kālele ka mea kākau i ka "North White" Xing Kiln i ka mōʻī Tang a me ka Dehua White Porcelain kaulana no "China White" i kēia lā.

ʻO ka porcelain keʻokeʻo i hana ʻia e Xing Kiln i ka mōʻī Tang hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia i ke ʻano a me ka maikaʻi e like me ke ʻano o kona kino a me ka glaze. Hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka embryo o ka porcelain keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo i loko o ka ʻōpala a me ka maikaʻi. ʻO kekahi ʻano ʻōpuʻu koʻikoʻi, ʻeleʻele a keʻokeʻo, a ʻo ka ʻōpuʻu ʻoʻoleʻa; ʻO kekahi ʻano o ka huila lahilahi he ʻōʻō, a māmā ke kala o ka huila, akā ʻaʻole lawa ke keʻokeʻo. Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia kahi papa o ka lepo makeup keʻokeʻo e hoʻomaʻemaʻe. Maikaʻi ka ʻōniʻoniʻo o ka porcelain keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo, ʻo kekahi o ia mau huaʻai maikaʻi, a ʻo ka waihoʻoluʻu he hina a he keʻokeʻo waiu paha, a he melemele a keʻokeʻo. He keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo o ke kino, a maikaʻi loa ke kala keʻokeʻo a me ka melemele. Aia nā maka ʻeleʻele liʻiliʻi ma ka papa aniani. Ua uhi nui ʻia nā mea hana me ka aniani, a he keʻokeʻo maʻemaʻe ke kala ʻulaʻula a i ʻole keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo. Hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ke aniani keʻokeʻo i loko o ka mānoanoa a me ka ʻili lahilahi, me ka helu ʻana o ka aniani mānoanoa no ka hapa nui a ʻo ka ʻili lahilahi e helu ana i ka mea liʻiliʻi. ʻO ka porcelain keʻokeʻo maikaʻi i hana ʻia e Xing Kiln i hana ʻia me ka pālolo porcelain kiʻekiʻe. Paʻa a paʻakikī ke kino, keʻokeʻo ke kala o ke kino e like me ka hau, ʻālohilohi ke aniani, a ʻoi aku ka lahilahi o kekahi e like me nā ʻili hua manu, me ka ʻike maikaʻi loa. He keʻokeʻo maʻemaʻe a ʻālohilohi nā mea hana maʻamau, ʻoiai keʻokeʻo a he ʻōmaʻomaʻo iki kekahi. ʻAʻole i kāhiko ʻia ka ʻili ākea o ka porcelain keʻokeʻo i ka wā mua o ka Xing kiln. Ma hope o ka waena o ka mōʻī Tang, ʻoi aku hoʻi i ka hope o Tang a me Five Dynasties, ua ʻike ʻia nā ʻano hana hoʻonaninani e like me ke kiʻi kiʻi, hoʻopaʻa ʻana, paʻi ʻana, kālai ʻia, kaomi ʻana i ka ʻaoʻao, hoʻokiʻekiʻe ʻili, a me ka waha pua i ʻike ʻia i loko o nā huahana Xing kiln. I ka hope o ka moʻokūʻauhau Tang, ua emi mālie ʻo Xing kiln ma muli o ke kumu o ka porcelain raw material.