Ka huki ʻana - ua kau ʻia ka lepo hakahaka ma luna o ka pahu (ʻo ia hoʻi, ma ka huila), a ua hoʻohana ʻia ka mana o ka ʻōwili pahu e huki i ka lepo blank i loko o ke ʻano i makemake ʻia me nā lima ʻelua, ʻo ia ke ʻano kuʻuna o ka hana seramika ma Kina, a ua kapa ʻia kēia hana billet. Hoʻokumu ʻia nā diski, nā kīʻaha a me nā mea pōʻai ʻē aʻe e ke ʻano kaha kiʻi blank.
ipu lepo huki lima
Billet - inā maloʻo ka pahu i kaha ʻia, kau ʻia ma luna o ka pahu a ʻoki ʻia me ka pahi e hoʻomaʻamaʻa i ka ʻili, mānoanoa a me ke ʻano, ua kapa ʻia kēia hana ʻo billet.
Ka wāwae ʻeli - i ka huki ʻia ʻana o ka mea hana poepoe, waiho ʻia kahi pahu lepo (lima) lōʻihi ma lalo, a laila ʻeli ʻia ka wāwae lalo o ka moku ʻeli i ka wāwae lalo, ua kapa ʻia kēia hana he wāwae ʻeli.
ʻO ke kūkulu ʻia ʻana o ka pālolo â ke ʻano o ka hana ʻana i ka ipu lepo. I ka hana ʻana, ʻōwili mua ʻia ka lepo i loko o nā ʻāpana lōʻihi, a laila hana ʻia mai lalo e like me nā koi o ke ʻano, a laila hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻia ka ʻaoʻao o loko a me waho e ka lima a i ʻole nā mea hana maʻalahi e hana ai i moku. ʻO ka ipu lepo i hana ʻia ma kēia ʻano e waiho pinepine i nā ʻōpala o nā ʻōpala lepo ma nā paia o loko.
Pūnaehana huila - ke ʻano o ka hana ʻana i nā seramika me nā huila huila, ʻo ka mea nui he huila poepoe lāʻau, aia ke kumu kū i lalo o ka huila, kanu ʻia ka ʻaoʻao haʻahaʻa o ke kumu kū i ka lepo, a aia kahi hub e hoʻomaʻamaʻa i ka hoʻololi ʻana o ka huila. Me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ikaika hoʻololi o ka huila, e hoʻohana i nā lima ʻelua e huki i ka ʻalae hakahaka i ke ʻano i makemake ʻia. Ua hoʻomaka ke ʻano o ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka moʻomeheu Neolithic Dawenkou hope loa, a ʻo nā mea hana i hana ʻia ma ke ʻano maʻamau a ʻaʻahu i ka mānoanoa.
ʻO ke kī ʻana i hope â ke ʻano o ke kī ʻana i ka porcelain. Hoʻokomo ʻia nā pōpō cushion a i ʻole ke one maʻemaʻe kūpaʻa kiʻekiʻe i loko o ka pahu, a kālua ʻia nā mea hana ma ke ʻano maʻamau, i kapa ʻia ʻo backburning.
Pehea e hoʻopaʻa ai i nā gasket triangular i ke kaʻina hana backfiring
Hoʻopaʻa â ke ʻano o ke kī ʻana i ka porcelain. ʻO ia hoʻi, hui pū ʻia nā ʻāpana waiwai he nui a puhi ʻia, a hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā ipu e hoʻopaʻa i nā mea puhi. Hiki ke mahele ia i:
(1) Hoʻopaʻa i nā kui, ua hoʻohana ʻia kēia ʻano hana i ka wā kahiko;
(2) Hoʻopaʻa pū ʻia nā pōʻai lālā, e like me nā kiln paʻa;
(3) Ke kau aʻe a ʻokiʻoki paha i ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana o ka glaze, ʻo ia hoʻi, ke ʻoki ʻana i kahi pōʻai aniani i loko o ka puʻuwai o ka ipu (ka nui o nā papa a me nā kīʻaha), a laila ʻoki i kahi pōʻai aniani mai ka ipu ahi i hoʻopaʻa ʻia, a laila kau i ka wāwae lalo (unlazed) o ka mea i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ma luna, ma kahi o 10 mau ʻāpana, ʻo ia ka papa o Jindai.
ʻO ke puhi ʻana i ke ahi â ke ʻano o ke kī ʻana i ka porcelain. ʻO ia hoʻi, uhi ʻia ka porcelain a kālua ʻia i loko o kahi pahu me ke apo kākoʻo a i ʻole ka barrel trapezoidal brace, i hoʻomaka i ka Northern Song Dynasty a ua hoʻohana pū ʻia i ka ʻōnaehana kiln porcelain Qingbai ma Jingdezhen a me ka ʻāina hikina. ʻO nā mea maikaʻi he hua kiʻekiʻe a me ka liʻiliʻi deformation; ʻO ka pōʻino, ʻo ka waha o ka ipu ʻaʻole i hoʻohana ʻia.
Vegetarian puhi - e pili ana i ka ceramics e pono e puhi i elua, 'o ia hoʻi, e komo mua i ke kiln e puhi i ka blank ma kahi haʻahaʻa wela (e pili ana i 750 ~ 950 ° C), i kapa 'ia mea meaʻai puhi ahi, a laila, glaze hou i loko o ke kiln i ke ahi. Hiki ke hoʻonui i ka ikaika o ke kino'ōmaʻomaʻo a hoʻonui i ka heluʻoiaʻiʻo.
Astringent pōʻai - ma mua o ka hoʻopaʻa ʻia ʻana o ka porcelain blank, ua ʻoki ʻia ka loko o ka ipu i kahi pōʻai o ke aniani, a ʻo ka wahi i kapa ʻia ʻo "astringent circle", i kaulana i ka Jin a me Yuan dynasties.
ʻO Dip glaze - ʻO ka dipped glaze kekahi o nā ʻano hana aniani seramika, i ʻike ʻia ʻo "dipping glaze". Hoʻokomo ʻia ke kino ʻōmaʻomaʻo i loko o ka glaze no kekahi manawa a laila wehe ʻia, a hoʻohana ʻia ka wai o ka ʻōmaʻomaʻo e hoʻopili i ka paʻi glaze i ka blank. Hoʻomalu ʻia ka mānoanoa o ka papa glaze e ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana o ka wai o ka blank, ke ʻano o ka slurry glaze, a me ka manawa maceration. He kūpono ia no ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana i ke kino paʻa mānoanoa a me nā huahana kīʻaha a me nā kīʻaha.
ʻO ka puhi ʻana i ke aniani - ʻo ia kekahi o nā ʻano hana aniani kahiko ma Kina. E uhi me ka ohe ohe me ka wili maikaʻi, e komo i loko o ka glaze a puhi ia me kou waha, ʻo ka nui o nā pā aniani e pili ana i ka nui o ka ipu, a hiki i ka 17 ~ 18 manawa, e like me 3 ~ 4 manawa. ʻO kāna mau mea maikaʻi e hana ai i ka glaze i loko o nā ipu a kūlike, a hoʻohana nui ʻia kēia ʻano no nā ipu nui, nā kaila lahilahi a me nā huahana glazed. Ua paionia ia ma Jingdezhen i ka Ming Dynasty.
ʻO Glazing - kahi hana aniani no nā mea nui, ʻo ia kekahi o nā ʻano hana aniani maʻamau ma Kina. E paʻa i ke kīʻaha a i ʻole ka puna i kēlā me kēia lima, e ʻimi i ka paʻi glaze, a ninini ma luna o ke kino ʻōmaʻomaʻo.
ʻO Glaze - kekahi o nā ʻano hana aniani kahiko ma Kina. I ka wā o ka hana, ninini ʻia ka paʻi glaze i loko o ka blank, a laila hoʻoluliluli ʻia, i ʻāwili ʻia ka luna a me lalo hema a me ka ʻākau, a ninini ʻia ka paʻi glaze nui, kūpono kēia ʻano no nā hue, ipu a me nā mea hana ʻē aʻe.
Paʻi ʻana â kahi ʻenehana hoʻonaninani no nā seramika. ʻO kahi manaʻo i kahakaha ʻia me kahi ʻano hoʻonaninani i paʻi ʻia ma ke kino ʻōmaʻomaʻo i ka wā ʻaʻole i maloʻo, no laila ka inoa. I ka wā o ka Spring and Autumn and Warring States, ua hoʻohana nui ʻia ka ipu lepo paʻi paʻi ʻia, a mai ia manawa mai, ua lilo ia i hoʻokahi o nā ʻenehana hoʻonaninani kuʻuna o nā seramika ma Kina. ʻO Ding kiln print porcelain o ka Song Dynasty ka mea ʻoi loa.
ʻO ka ʻōpala - kahi ʻenehana hoʻonaninani o ka porcelain. E hoʻohana i kahi mea hana kiko e kaha ai i nā laina ma ka porcelain blank e kāhiko i ke kumu, no laila ka inoa. Ua ulu ia i ka Song Dynasty, me nā pua, nā manu, nā kiʻi, nā ʻīlio hae a me nā phoenix.
ʻO ke kālai ʻana - he ʻenehana hoʻonaninani o ka porcelain. E ho ohana i ka pahi e kalai i ke ano hoano ma ka porcelain blank, no laila ka inoa. Hōʻike ʻia ia e ka ikaika nui, a ʻoi aku ka hohonu a me ka laulā o nā laina ma mua o nā paʻi. Ua ulu ʻo ia i ka Song Dynasty a ua kaulana loa ia no nā kiʻi kiʻi pua i kālai ʻia o ka kiln Yaozhou ma ka ʻākau.
ʻOhi pua - kahi ʻenehana hoʻonaninani o ka porcelain. Ma ka porcelain blank kahi i kaha ʻia ai ke kumu, hoʻoneʻe ʻia ka ʻāpana ʻē aʻe o ke kumu hoʻohālike e hana i ke kumu convex, no laila ka inoa. Ua hoʻomaka ia ma ka ʻōnaehana kiln ʻo Cizhou ma ka Song Dynasty, me nā pua keʻokeʻo ʻeleʻele ka mea ʻokoʻa loa. I ka wā Jin Yuan, kaulana loa nā kiln porcelain ma Shanxi, a ʻokoʻa nā pua ʻeleʻele.
ʻO ka ʻuala ʻāina ʻo Momi â he ʻano hana hoʻohiwahiwa no ka porcelain. Ma luna o ka porcelain blank, ua hoʻopiha ʻia ka ʻāpana me nā hiʻohiʻona momi maikaʻi a paʻa, no laila ʻo ka inoa, e hoʻomaka ana mai ka hope o Tang Henan Mi County kiln, ka Song Dynasty kaulana ʻo Henan, Hebei, Shanxi porcelain kilns, Henan Dengfeng kiln huahana nā mea kūʻokoʻa loa.
Appliqué - he hana hoʻonaninani no nā seramika. Ke hoʻohana nei i ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana a i ʻole ke kāwili ʻana a me nā ʻano hana ʻē aʻe, hana ʻia nā ʻano like ʻole mai ka ʻala paʻa, a laila paʻi ʻia ma ke kino ʻōmaʻomaʻo, no laila ka inoa. ʻO nā appliqués'ōmaʻomaʻo'ōmaʻomaʻo'ōmaʻomaʻo o ka moʻokūʻauhau Tang a me ke one kiln, a me ka hoʻonaniʻana o Tang Sancai appliqués mai nā kiln o Gongxian County, Henan, ua kaulana loa.
ʻO ka appliqué ʻoki pepa - he ʻano hana hoʻonaninani no ka porcelain. ʻO ka ʻoki pepa kahi hana kuʻuna o ka poʻe ma Kina, nāna e hoʻololi i nā ʻano ʻoki pepa i mea hoʻonani porcelain, no laila ka inoa. ʻO ka Kiln Jizhou mua ma Jiangxi Province i ka Song Dynasty, i loko o ke kīʻaha ʻeleʻele, i kāhiko ʻia me nā pua plum, nā lau lāʻau, nā phoenixes, butterflies a me nā hiʻohiʻona ʻē aʻe, he mea kupaianaha ka hopena ʻoki pepa, me nā ʻano ikaika kūloko.
ʻO ka pālolo make-up â he ala e hoʻonani ai i ke kala o ka pā. I mea e hoʻopaʻi ai i ka mana o ke kala o ka pilahi porcelain, ua hoʻopili ʻia kahi papa o ka pālolo porcelain keʻokeʻo i ka pā palaka e hana i ka hehi a keʻokeʻo, i mea e hoʻomaikaʻi ai i ke kala o ka glaze, a ʻo ka pālolo porcelain i hoʻohana ʻia i kēia ʻano i kapa ʻia ʻo cosmetic clay. Ua hoʻomaka ka pālolo nani i ka Western Jin Dynasty ma Wuzhou kiln celadon ma Zhejiang, ua hoʻohana nui ʻia ka porcelain keʻokeʻo ʻākau i ka Sui a me Tang dynasties, a ua maʻamau ka hoʻohana ʻana o Cizhou kiln porcelain i ka Song Dynasty, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā ʻano culling.
ʻO ke kiʻi gula - kahi ʻenehana hoʻonaninani o nā seramika. Ua pena ʻia ma luna o nā seramika i ke gula a laila puhi ʻia, no laila ka inoa. ʻO ka Song Dynasty Ding Kiln he keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo gula keʻokeʻo a me ka ʻeleʻele glaze gula tracing ware, a e like me nā palapala, ʻo ka Song Dynasty Ding Kiln "i pena ʻia me ka wai kālika me ke gula". Mai ia manawa mai, ua ʻike ʻia nā kiʻi pena gula ma Liao, Jin, Yuan, Ming a me Qing porcelain.
ʻO ka wāwae hao poni - kahi hiʻohiʻona o ka porcelain. ʻO kekahi mau ʻano ʻano o ka Southern Song Dynasty official kiln, heirloom kiln a me Song Dynasty Longquan kiln, no ka mea, he kiʻekiʻe ka hao o ka iwi fetal, ke puhi ʻia i loko o ka lewa hoʻohaʻahaʻa, kahe ka aniani o ka waha o ka moku i lalo o ka wai, a he poni ke kala o ka fetal ke lahilahi ka papa glaze; ʻO ka ʻaoʻao o ka wāwae he hao-ʻeleʻele, ʻo ia ka mea i kapa ʻia "ka wāwae hao poni".
Uea uwea gula - he hiʻohiʻona hoʻonani o ka porcelain. Heirloom kiln porcelain, ma muli o ka ʻokoʻa o ka hoʻonui ʻana o ka huila aniani i ka wā e puhi ʻia ai, e puka ana nā ʻāpana hāmama, ʻeleʻele nā ʻāpana hua nui, ʻike ʻia nā ʻāpana liʻiliʻi he gula melemele, hoʻokahi ʻeleʻele a hoʻokahi melemele, ʻo ia hoʻi, ka mea i kapa ʻia "uaea hao gula".
Wehe ʻana - ma muli o ka ʻokoʻa o ka hoʻonui ʻana o ka pā aniani i ka wā o ke kī ʻana, loaʻa nā ʻano o kēlā me kēia ʻano o nā kiln kūhelu Song Dynasty, heirloom kilns a me Longquan kilns. Ma hope o ka Song Dynasty, ʻo Jingdezhen kilns kekahi i puhi ʻia.
Nā iwi ʻaoʻao - kahi hiʻohiʻona hoʻonaninani o ka porcelain. ʻO ka Southern Song Dynasty Longquan kiln celadon, kekahi mau ʻāpana o ka hana ʻana i nā paʻi e kū mai ana, i ka wā e aniani ai ka glaze ʻoi aku ka lahilahi, māmā ke kala, ʻokoʻa, ʻo ia hoʻi, ka mea i kapa ʻia nā iwi ʻaoʻao.
ʻO ke ʻano lepo hele wāwae o Earthworm - kahi hiʻohiʻona aniani o ka porcelain. Ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia a maloʻo ka porcelain blank, hoʻopuka ka papa aniani i nā māwae, a kahe ka aniani i ka wā o ke kaʻina hana e hoʻopaʻa i nā māwae, e hopena i nā meheu i koe ma hope o ka kolo ʻana o ka ilo honua mai ka lepo, no laila ka inoa. He hiʻohiʻona kūikawā o Jun kiln porcelain ma Yu County, Henan Province i ka Song Dynasty.
ʻO ke ʻano maiuu pāpaʻi â kahi hiʻohiʻona aniani o ka porcelain. Ma muli o ke aniani ʻana o nā ipu, hāʻule ke aniani mānoanoa e hana i nā ʻāpana i waiho ʻia ma hope o ka waimaka, no laila ka inoa, ʻo ia kekahi o nā hiʻohiʻona o ka porcelain glaze keʻokeʻo i ka Ding kiln o ka Song Dynasty.
ʻO Jomon - kekahi o nā hiʻohiʻona nani o ka ipu lepo Neolithic. Ua kapa ʻia ʻo ia ma muli o ke ʻano o ke ʻano e like me ke ʻano kaula i hoʻopaʻa ʻia. Hoʻohana ʻia nā pā ipu lepo i ʻōwili ʻia a puni i ke kaula a i ʻole i kahakaha ʻia me ke ʻano kaula ma ka ipu lepo i maloʻo ʻole, a ma hope o ke kī ʻana, waiho ʻia kahi hiʻohiʻona Jomon ma ka ʻili o ka ipu.
Geometric pattern - kekahi o nā hiʻohiʻona hoʻonaninani o nā seramika. Hoʻokumu nā kiko, nā laina, a me nā ʻili i nā ʻano kiʻi geometric maʻamau, no laila ka inoa. E like me ka triangle pattern, grid pattern, checkered pattern, zigzag pattern, circle pattern, diamond pattern, zigzag pattern, cloud thunder pattern, back pattern, etc.
